Top Studies

This study provides valuable insights into the self-reported side effects of COVID-19 vaccines among the Malaysian public. With a high participation rate (90.3% reporting at least one side effect), the study highlights common adverse effects such as swelling at the injection site, headache, and fatigue. The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine had the highest report of side effects, followed by mixed vaccine regimens. Statistically significant associations were observed between increased side effects and factors such as older age, female gender, and higher educational levels (p < 0.05). These findings contribute to understanding vaccine safety profiles and aim to address vaccine hesitancy by increasing public awareness.

This study evaluates adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines among healthcare professionals in Ethiopia, with a high response rate of 95.5%. The results indicate that 51.3% of participants experienced adverse reactions, primarily mild to moderate in severity. The most common adverse reactions were injection site pain, headache, and fever, while only 0.7% required hospitalization. Statistically significant findings include the increased likelihood of adverse reactions in women, with a 1.501 times higher odds of experiencing side effects compared to men (AOR = 1.501, 95% CI [1.08, 2.754]). The study utilized multivariable logistic regression to control for confounding factors, ensuring more robust conclusions. However, as a cross-sectional study, causality cannot be inferred, and self-reported data may introduce bias. To further enhance the understanding of the vaccine's safety profile, larger, multicenter, prospective studies are warranted.

The study utilizes appropriate statistical tests, specifically Bowker's and chi-square tests, to compare the adverse events (AEs) across different vaccine types. The p-values reported for these tests are less than 0.05, indicating statistically significant differences in the prevalence of AEs between the vaccines. The findings suggest that Pfizer vaccine was associated with a higher prevalence and severity of AEs compared to AstraZeneca and Sinopharm. The decrease in the prevalence of AEs after the second dose was also statistically significant. However, the study does not provide explicit details on the effect sizes or confidence intervals, which would further aid in understanding the magnitude of these differences. Despite this, the reported p-values support the claim of statistical significance, reinforcing the reliability of the study's conclusions on the differential safety profiles of the vaccines.

This study utilized a chi-square test to assess the association between COVID-19 vaccination and menstrual changes in females of reproductive age. The findings revealed that 67% of participants experienced post-vaccination menstrual changes, with a statistically significant p-value of <0.001. A strong association was found between AstraZeneca vaccination and menstrual changes (p = 0.008) after the first dose, and between Pfizer vaccination and menstrual changes after the booster dose (p = 0.004). Additionally, significant menstrual irregularities and prolongation were observed in females vaccinated with Pfizer (p = 0.012). These results are statistically significant, suggesting a potential link between vaccine type and menstrual cycle changes, warranting further research to explore the long-term impact.

This nationwide study in Saudi Arabia used self-reported adverse events (AEs) from 28,031 individuals to evaluate the prevalence and significance of side-effects following COVID-19 vaccinations. A total of 71,480 AEs were reported, with 53.6% following the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, 45% for Oxford-AstraZeneca, and 1.3% for Moderna. Statistically significant differences were observed among vaccine types for several AEs, including shortness of breath, dizziness, fever, headache, and fatigue (p < 0.05). Additionally, fever and seizure rates were significantly higher among those receiving more doses (p < 0.05). While most reported AEs were mild, the study also documented 10 ICU admissions with varying diagnoses. The statistical significance of the findings suggests notable differences in adverse event profiles between vaccines and doses, underscoring the importance of monitoring and further research on vaccine safety.

This large-scale cohort study utilized data from the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea to assess the risk of herpesviral keratitis following COVID-19 vaccination. The study included 8,528,254 individuals, with two investigations conducted: one focused on new-onset herpesviral keratitis and the other on relapse in individuals with preexisting herpetic keratitis. The results indicated that individuals who received the COVID-19 vaccine had a significantly higher risk of new-onset herpesviral keratitis compared to the unvaccinated group (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.43, 95% CI: 1.19-1.73). Both mRNA and non-mRNA vaccines showed an increased risk. Additionally, individuals with a history of herpetic keratitis had a higher risk of relapse post-vaccination (aHR 1.98, 95% CI: 1.29-3.03). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings. These results indicate a statistically significant increased risk of both new-onset and relapse of herpesviral keratitis post-vaccination, warranting awareness and possible preventive measures in at-risk individuals.

Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential methods. Demographic and clinical data were summarized using medians and interquartile ranges for continuous variables, and proportions for categorical variables. The study utilized Cox regression and odds ratio calculations to assess differences by sex, age, and troponin levels. The results indicated a statistically significant difference in troponin level elevation between males and females (p-value < 0.05), with males exhibiting a greater median increase in troponin levels. Additionally, ECG abnormalities were more common in males (adjusted odds ratio = 0.75, p-value < 0.05). The study's findings support the notion that male patients, particularly those under 24 years, experience more severe clinical phenotypes of myocarditis post-vaccination.

Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression with robust variance estimation to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for factors associated with non-serious adverse effects following the SARS-CoV vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The study found a vaccine adherence rate of 78.3% for three doses. AstraZeneca vaccine was associated with a 2.65 times higher likelihood of non-serious adverse effects (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.38-5.08, p=0.003). In contrast, the CoronaVac vaccine reduced the likelihood of adverse effects by 0.28 times (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.13-0.62, p=0.002). These findings were statistically significant, suggesting that the type of vaccine significantly influenced the occurrence of adverse effects in IBD patients.

This study compared the rate of post-vaccination COVID-19 infection between hemodialysis (HD) patients who received two doses and three doses of the Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine. The findings showed that the group who received three doses had no cases of reinfection, while 13.8% of the group that received two doses experienced post-vaccination COVID-19 infection (P<0.001). In a comparison of patients who caught COVID-19 and those who did not, the infected subgroup had significantly lower BMI (23.3 ± 2.3 vs 27.5 ± 8.1 kg/m²), a higher frequency of hepatitis C (HCV) infection (54.6% vs 2.9%, P<0.001), and higher serum ferritin levels (median 1101 ng/mL vs 675 ng/mL, P=0.01). Multivariate analysis identified high serum ferritin levels (OR 0.014, P<0.001) and HCV infection (OR 0.99, P=0.02) as significant predictors of post-vaccination COVID-19 infection. The study concludes that a three-dose regimen of the Sinopharm vaccine significantly reduces the rate of COVID-19 reinfection in HD patients. Additionally, factors such as lower BMI, higher ferritin levels, and HCV infection were associated with an increased risk of infection.

This study provides valuable insights into the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines in Bangladesh, utilizing robust statistical methods such as the Kruskal-Wallis test, χ² test, and multivariable logistic regression. The statistically significant association of local and systemic side effects with Oxford-AstraZeneca, Pfizer-BioNTech, and Moderna vaccines (p < 0.05) strengthens the reliability of the findings. The odds ratios (OR) for severe and long-term effects, particularly for Pfizer-BioNTech (OR 4.34), Moderna (OR 4.15), and Oxford-AstraZeneca (OR 3.89), demonstrate statistically significant risks. The study effectively highlights differential adverse effects across various vaccine regimens and demographic groups, offering a well-rounded statistical analysis of vaccine safety.

This systematic review comprehensively examines the characteristics of white dot syndromes following COVID-19 vaccination, offering valuable insights into this rare condition. The use of five databases and adherence to PROSPERO guidelines enhance the robustness of the study. The findings, based on 71 subjects from 50 studies, indicate a possible association between COVID-19 vaccines and white dot syndromes, with Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome (MEWDS) being the most prevalent. The statistical analysis, with a p-value < 0.05 considered significant, supports the relevance of the results. However, the authors rightly suggest the need for larger, high-quality studies to substantiate these preliminary findings.